What does the phrase "Five Flowers and Eight Gates" refer to?



Actually, "Five Flowers and Eight Gates" historically referred to various professions. The "Five Flowers" literally means five different trades.

Which are the five "Flowers"?

1. Golden Chrysanthemum - refers to women who sell tea
2. Daffodil - refers to singing women who perform songs
3. Firethorn Flower - refers to street performers and acrobats
4. Earth Ox Flower - refers to porters who carry heavy loads
5. Kapok Flower - refers to itinerant doctors who treat illnesses.

And what are the eight "Gates"?

1. Gate of Scarf - fortune-tellers
2. Gate of Leather - medicine vendors
3. Gate of Color - magicians performing magic tricks
4. Gate of Hanging - street performers and entertainers
5. Gate of Orchid - crosstalk performers
6. Gate of Evaluation - storytellers and comic performers
7. Gate of Glory - tent setters and paper lantern builders
8. Gate of Kudzu - opera singers on elevated stages
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